Jump to content

Amherst College

Coordinates: 42°22′15″N 72°31′01″W / 42.37083°N 72.51694°W / 42.37083; -72.51694
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Amherst College
Latin: Collegii Amherstiensis
MottoTerras Irradient (Latin)
Motto in English
Let them enlighten the lands[1]
TypePrivate liberal arts college
Established1821; 203 years ago (1821)
AccreditationNECHE
Academic affiliations
Endowment$3.78 billion (2022)[2]
PresidentMichael A. Elliott
Academic staff
307 (Fall 2021)[3]
Undergraduates1,971 (Fall 2021)[4]
Location
Amherst
,
Massachusetts
,
United States
CampusRural
1,000 acres (4.0 km2)
Colors    Purple & white[5]
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division III –
MascotMammoths
Websitewww.amherst.edu

Amherst College (/ˈæmərst/ ⓘ[6] AM-ərst) is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts. Founded in 1821 as an attempt to relocate Williams College by its then-president Zephaniah Swift Moore, Amherst is the third oldest institution of higher education in Massachusetts.[7] The institution was named after the town, which in turn had been named after Jeffery, Lord Amherst, Commander-in-Chief of British forces of North America during the French and Indian War. Originally established as a men's college, Amherst became coeducational in 1975.[8]

Amherst is an exclusively undergraduate four-year institution; 1,971 students were enrolled in fall 2021.[9] Admissions are highly selective. Students choose courses from 42 major programs in an open curriculum[10] and are not required to study a core curriculum or fulfill any distribution requirements; students may also design their own interdisciplinary major.[10]

Amherst competes in the New England Small College Athletic Conference. Amherst has historically had close relationships and rivalries with Williams College and Wesleyan University, which form the Little Three colleges. The college is also a member of the Five College Consortium, which allows its students to attend classes at four other Pioneer Valley institutions: Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

History

[edit]

Founding and 19th century

[edit]
The Amherst graduating class of 1850, including William Austin Dickinson (second row, far left), brother of poet Emily Dickinson
Fayerweather Hall
Frost Library
College Row, consisting of Williston, South, North, and Appleton halls, with Johnson Chapel at center

In 1812, funds were raised in Amherst for a secondary school, Amherst Academy; it opened December 1814.[11] The academy incorporated in 1816,[12] and eventually counted among its students Emily Dickinson, Sylvester Graham, and Mary Lyon (founder of Mount Holyoke College).[13] The institution was named after the town, which in turn had been named after Jeffery, Lord Amherst, a veteran from the Seven Years' War and later commanding general of the British forces in North America. On November 18, 1817, a project was adopted at the Academy to raise funds for the free instruction of "indigent young men of promising talents and hopeful piety, who shall manifest a desire to obtain a liberal education with a sole view to the Christian ministry".[14] This required a substantial investment from benefactors.[15]

During the fundraising for the project, it became clear that without larger designs, it would be impossible to raise sufficient funds. This led the committee overseeing the project to conclude that a new institution should be created. On August 18, 1818, the Amherst Academy board of trustees accepted this conclusion and began building a new college.[15]

Founded in 1821, Amherst College developed from Amherst Academy, first established as a secondary school. The college was originally suggested as an alternative to Williams College, which was struggling to stay open. Although Williams survived, Amherst was formed and developed as a distinct institution.[15]

Establishment

[edit]

Moore, then President of Williams College, however, still believed that Williamstown was an unsuitable location for a college. When Amherst College was established, he was elected its first president on May 8, 1821. At its opening, Amherst had forty-seven students. Fifteen of these had followed Moore from Williams College. Those fifteen represented about one-third of the total students at Amherst, and about one-fifth of the whole number in the three classes to which they belonged in Williams College. President Moore died on June 29, 1823, and was replaced with a Williams College trustee, Heman Humphrey.

Williams alumni are fond of an apocryphal story ascribing the removal of books from the Williams College library to Amherst College.[16] In 1995, Williams president Harry C. Payne declared the story false, but many still nurture the legend.[14]

Amherst grew quickly, and for two years in the mid-1830s, it was the second largest college in the United States, behind Yale. In 1835, Amherst attempted to create a course of study parallel to the classical liberal arts education. This parallel course focused less on Greek and Latin, instead emphasizing contemporary English, French, and Spanish languages, chemistry, economics, etc. The parallel course did not take hold and replace the classical, however, until the next century.[14]

Amherst was founded as a non-sectarian institution "for the classical education of indigent young men of piety and talents for the Christian ministry" (Tyler, A History of Amherst College). One of the hallmarks of the new college was its Charity Fund, an early form of financial aid that paid the tuition of poorer students.[17] Although officially non-denominational, Amherst was considered a religiously conservative institution with a strong connection to Calvinism; the Puritans still controlled much of Massachusetts life.

As a result, there was considerable debate in the Massachusetts government over whether the new college should receive an official charter from the state. A charter was not granted until February 21, 1825,[17] as reflected on the Amherst seal. Religious conservatism persisted at Amherst until the mid-nineteenth century: students who consumed alcohol or played cards were subject to expulsion. A number of religious revivals were held at Amherst.[17] Toward the end of the nineteenth century, however, the college began a transition toward secularism. This movement was considered to culminate in the 1949 demolition of the college church.[18]

Development and academic reform

[edit]

Academic hoods in the United States are traditionally lined with the official colors of the school, in theory so watchers can tell where the hood wearer earned his or her degree. Amherst's hoods are purple (Williams' official color) with a white stripe or chevron, said to signify that Amherst was born of Williams. Amherst records one of the first uses of Latin honors of any American college, dating back to 1881.[19] The college was an all-male school until the late 1960s, when a few female students from nearby schools in the Four-College Consortium (Amherst, Mount Holyoke, Smith, UMass) attended on an experimental basis. In October 1974, the faculty voted in favor of coeducation and in November 1974, the board of trustees voted to admit female students starting in the 1975–1976 school year. This was done while John William Ward served as president.[20] In 1975, nine women who were already attending classes as part of an inter-college exchange program were admitted as transfer students. In June 1976, they became the first female graduates of the college.[21]

The college established the Black Studies Department in 1969. In 1973, it launched the nation's first undergraduate neuroscience program. In 1983, it established a Department of Asian Languages and Literatures, which was later to become the Department of Asian Languages and Civilizations.[22]

In 1984, on-campus fraternities were abolished. The former fraternity buildings, which were owned by the college, were converted into residence halls.[22] The Department of Women's and Gender Studies, which later became the Department of Sexuality, Women's, and Gender Studies, was established in 1987, and the Department of Law, Jurisprudence, and Social Thought in 1993.[22]

In March 2013, the faculty adopted an open-access policy.[23] Eight years later, the college ended its practice of legacy admissions and increased financial aid to increase access to low and middle-income students and diversify the college.[24][25]

Presidents

[edit]
  1. Zephaniah Swift Moore, 1821–1823
  2. Heman Humphrey, 1823–1845
  3. Edward Hitchcock, 1845–1854
  4. William Augustus Stearns, 1854–1876
  5. Julius Hawley Seelye, 1876–1890
  6. Merrill Edwards Gates, 1890–1899
  7. George Harris, 1899–1912
  8. Alexander Meiklejohn, 1912–1924
  9. George Daniel Olds, 1924–1927
  10. Arthur Stanley Pease, 1927–1932
  11. Stanley King, 1932–1946
  12. Charles Woolsey Cole, 1946–1960
  13. Calvin Hastings Plimpton, 1960–1971
  14. John William Ward, 1971–1979
  15. Julian Gibbs, 1979–1983
  16. G. Armour Craig, 1983–1984 (acting)
  17. Peter Pouncey, 1984–1994
  18. Tom Gerety, 1994–2003
  19. Anthony Marx, 2003–2011
  20. Carolyn "Biddy" Martin, 2011–2022
  21. Michael A. Elliott, 2022–[26]

Rankings

[edit]
Johnson Chapel
Academic rankings
Liberal arts
U.S. News & World Report[27]2
Washington Monthly[28]6
National
Forbes[29]11
WSJ/College Pulse[30]8

Since the inception of the U.S. News & World Report rankings in 1987, Amherst College has been ranked ten times as the first overall among 266 liberal arts colleges in the United States,[31] and in 2022 ranked second, behind Williams.[32] In 2023, Amherst College was ranked as the best liberal arts college and 8th best college or university overall in the United States by The WSJ/College Pulse 2024 Best College Rankings.[33] In 2022, Amherst was ranked as the best liberal arts college in the country by The Wall Street Journal.[34] Forbes ranked Amherst College as the 11th best college or university in the United States in 2023 [35] and the 16th best college or university in the United States in 2021.[36]

Kiplinger's Personal Finance places Amherst 11th in its 2016 ranking of best value liberal arts colleges in the United States.[37]

Amherst ranked 6th in the 2021 Washington Monthly liberal arts college rankings, which focus on contribution to the public good in three broad categories: social mobility, research, and promoting public service.[38]

Admissions

[edit]
Admissions statistics
2022 entering
class[39]Change vs.
2017[40]
Admit rate7.2%
(Neutral decrease −5.7)
Yield rate43%
(Increase +4)
Test scores middle 50%[i]
SAT EBRW700–760
SAT Math720–790
ACT Composite32–35
High school GPA[ii]
Top 10%90%
(Increase +7)
Top 25%96%
(Increase +2)
Top 50%100%
(Steady no change)
  1. ^ 2022 data among students who chose to submit
  2. ^ Among students whose school ranked

U.S. News & World Report classifies Amherst as being "most selective" of liberal arts colleges in the United States;[41] the Carnegie Foundation classifies Amherst as one of the "more selective" institutions whose first-year students' test scores places these institutions in roughly the top fifth of baccalaureate institutions.[42] For the class first enrolled in fall 2021, Amherst received 13,999 applications and accepted 1,224 (an 8.7% acceptance rate). 514 students ultimately enrolled; 91% were in the top 10% of their high school classes, and the middle 50% scored between 1440 and 1540 on the SAT and between 32 and 35 on the ACT. 38 states and 23 countries were reflected among the first-year class, 55% received financial aid and 11% were first-generation college students. In addition, 16 transfer students enrolled.[43]

Despite its high cost of attendance – comprehensive tuition, room, and board fee for the 2022–23 academic year was $80,250[44] – Amherst College meets the full demonstrated need of every admitted student.[45] Sixty percent of current students receive scholarship aid, and the average financial aid package award amounts to $62,071; college expenditures are approximately $109,000 per student each year.[46][47]

In July 2007, Amherst announced that grants would replace loans in all financial aid packages beginning in the 2008–09 academic year. Amherst had already been the first school to eliminate loans for low-income students, and with this announcement it joined Princeton University, Cornell University and Davidson College, then the only colleges to eliminate loans from need-based financial aid packages. Increased rates of admission of highly qualified lower income students has resulted in greater equality of opportunity at Amherst than is usual at elite American colleges.[48]

In the 2008–2009 academic year, Amherst College also extended its need-blind admission policy to international applicants.[49] In 2021, it also eliminated preferences for students whose parents are alumni ("legacies").[24]

Academics

[edit]

Amherst College offers 41 fields of study (with 850+ courses)[50] in the sciences, arts, humanities, mathematics and computer sciences, social sciences, foreign languages, classics, and several interdisciplinary fields (including premedical studies[51][52]) and provides an unusually open curriculum. Students are not required to study a core curriculum or fulfill any distribution requirements and may even design their own unique interdisciplinary major.[50] Freshmen may take advanced courses, and seniors may take introductory ones. Amherst College is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.[53]

Forty-five percent of Amherst students in the class of 2019 were double majors.[54] Amherst College has been the first college to have undergraduate departments in the interdisciplinary fields of American Studies; Law, Jurisprudence and Social Thought; and Neuroscience[55][56] and has helped to pioneer other interdisciplinary programs, including Asian Languages and Civilizations.[57] Its most popular majors, by 2021 graduates, were:[58]

Mathematics (40)
Econometrics and Quantitative Economics (34)
Research and Experimental Psychology (31)
Political Science and Government (25)
History (22)
Biology/Biological Sciences (21)
Neuroscience (19)
American/U.S. Law/Legal Studies/Jurisprudence (19)

The Amherst library is named for long-time faculty member, poet Robert Frost.[59] The student-faculty ratio is 7:1 and 84% of classes have fewer than 30 students.[60]

Notable faculty members include, among others, modern literature and poetry critic William H. Pritchard, Beowulf translator Howell Chickering, Jewish and Latino studies scholar Ilan Stavans, novelist and legal scholar Lawrence Douglas, physicist Arthur Zajonc, Pulitzer Prize-winning Nikita Khrushchev biographer William Taubman, African art specialist Rowland Abiodun, Natural Law expert Hadley Arkes, Mathematician Daniel Velleman, Biblical scholar Susan Niditch, law and society expert Austin Sarat, Asian American studies scholar and former Director of the Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center Franklin Odo, and Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Lewis Spratlan, professor emeritus of the music faculty.[61]

Academic freedom debate

[edit]

The writings of Amherst College political science Professor Hadley Arkes about homosexuality led to a dispute in 2013 over whether a college seeking to create a diverse, respectful academic community should speak out when a faculty member disparages community members or should instead remain silent as a way to protect academic freedom.[62] The issue arose when a group of alumni petitioned the college trustees and President Biddy Martin to "dissociate the institution" from Arkes's "divisive and destructive" views,[63] focusing particularly on his May 2013 comparison of homosexuality to bestiality, pedophilia and necrophilia.[64][65] The alumni said, "Amherst College cannot credibly maintain its professed commitment to be an inclusive community as long as it chooses to remain silent while a sitting professor disparages members of its community in media of worldwide circulation and accessibility."[63]

Martin disagreed, citing past debates over the college's position on the Vietnam War and apartheid in South Africa—issues on which the college initially remained silent but eventually took a public position. In such times, she said, colleges should "avoid taking institutional positions on controversial political matters, except in extraordinary circumstances" and should simultaneously both "protect their communities from discrimination and disrespect" and "cherish a diversity of viewpoints".[66]

The Kirby Memorial Theater

Five College Consortium

[edit]

Amherst is a member of the Five Colleges consortium, which allows its students to attend classes at four other Pioneer Valley institutions. These include Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In addition to the 850 courses available on campus, Amherst students have an additional 5,300 classes to consider through the Consortium (without paying additional tuition) and access to 8 million library volumes. The Five Colleges are geographically close to one another and are linked by buses that run between the campuses.[67]

The Five Colleges share resources and develop common academic programs. Museums10 is a consortium of local art, history and science museums. The Five College Dance Department is one of the largest in the nation.[68] The joint Astronomy department shares use of the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory, which contributed to work that won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics.[69]

The Five College Coastal and Marine Sciences Program offers an interdisciplinary curriculum to undergraduates in the Five Colleges.[70]

Campus

[edit]
Main Quad

Amherst College is located in the town of Amherst in Western Massachusetts. Amherst College has a total of 34 residence halls, seven of which are strictly for first year students. Following their first year, sophomores, juniors, and seniors have the choice to live off campus and are offered options of Themed Houses including Arts House, Russian House, and French House, however this option is only available for two years of residence.[71] First-year students are required to live on campus.

The college also owns the Emily Dickinson Museum, operated as a museum about the life and history of poet Emily Dickinson, and the Inn on Boltwood near to the main campus.

Sustainability

[edit]

Amherst College is reducing its energy consumption through a computerized monitoring system for lighting and the use of an efficient cogeneration facility. The cogeneration facility features a gas turbine that generates electricity in addition to steam for heating the campus.[72] Amherst also operates a composting program, in which a portion of the food waste from dining halls is sent to a farmer in Vermont.[72]

Student life

[edit]

Amherst's resources, faculty, and academic life allow the college to enroll students with a range of talents, interests, and commitments. Students represent 48 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and sixty-six countries.[60] The median family income of Amherst students is $158,200, with 51% of students coming from the top 10% highest-earning families and 24% from the bottom 60%.[73] Ninety-eight percent of students live on campus.[60] Ninety-eight percent of Amherst freshmen enrolled in Fall 2020 returned for their sophomore year; ninety-two percent of the most recent cohort graduated within six years.[9] There are more than 200 student groups at Amherst.[60] More than a third of the student body are members of a varsity athletics team.[74]

Students pursue their interests through student-led organizations funded by a student fee and distributed by the student government, including a variety of cultural and religious groups, publications, fine and performing arts and political advocacy and service groups. Groups include a medieval sword-fighting club, a knitting club, and a club devoted to random acts of kindness, among others.[75] Community service groups and opportunities (locally—through the Center for Community Engagement, nationally, and internationally) have been a priority at Amherst and for former President Anthony Marx, who helped start a secondary school for black students in apartheid South Africa.[76]

One of the longstanding traditions at the college involves the Sabrina statue. Even year and odd year classes battle for possession of the historic statue, often engaging in elaborate pranks in the process.[77]

Sexual assault

[edit]

In 2012, President Biddy Martin began a community-wide review of the sexual misconduct and disciplinary policies at the college.[78][79] This review was sparked by several factors, including an underground fraternity's T-shirt design that critics alleged was misogynist[80] and an essay by Angie Epifano published in The Amherst Student, wherein she accused the college of inappropriate handling of a case of sexual assault.[81] In January 2013, a college committee published a report noting Amherst's rate of sexual assault as similar to other colleges and universities, and making recommendations to address the problem.[82] In May 2014, the Amherst board of trustees banned students from joining any underground or off-campus fraternity.[83]

After a complaint was filed by Epifano and an anonymous former student in November 2013,[84] the US Department of Education opened an investigation into the college's handling of sexual violence and potential violations of Title IX. In May 2014, the Department of Education announced a list of 55 colleges and universities (including Amherst) currently under investigation.[85]

A report from Amherst College stated that 2009 to 2011, Amherst reported 35 instances of "forcible sex offenses", a term that encompasses rape, attempted rape, and lesser forms of sexual contact.[86]

Mascot

[edit]

In the second decade of the 21st century, the original unofficial mascot of Amherst College, Lord Jeffery Amherst, became a cause of concern in the Amherst community.[87][88] Many sought to separate the school from the problematic legacy of Lord Jeffery Amherst, in particular his advocacy of the use of biological warfare against Native Americans.[89]

In May 2014, after a wild moose found its way onto the Amherst College campus and into the backyard of the house of the college president,[90] students organized a Facebook campaign to change the mascot of the school to a moose.[91] The page grew rapidly in popularity, receiving over 900 "likes" in under two weeks,[91] and inspiring both a Twitter and Tumblr account for the newly proposed mascot. At the Commencement ceremony for the class of 2014, the moose mascot was mentioned by Biddy Martin in her address, and the Dining Hall served Moose Tracks ice cream in front of an ice sculpture of a moose.[92]

In February 2015, discussion of a mascot change continued when the editorial board of the Amherst Student, the college's official student-run newspaper, came out in favor of "the moose-scot".[91] In November 2015 the student body and the faculty overwhelmingly voted to vacate the mascot.[93] That same month, several hundred students who staged a sit-in protest against racism at the college library included among their demands a call for the college to cease use of the Lord Jeff mascot.[94] The decision to drop the mascot was made official by the college's trustees on January 26, 2016.[88][93]

In April 2017, Amherst announced that their official mascot would be the mammoth.[95][96] Mammoths beat the other finalists "Valley Hawks", "Purple and White", "Wolves", and "Fighting Poets" in a ranked-choice election process.[97] The mammoth is linked to Amherst due to the long-standing presence of a woolly mammoth skeleton on display in the Beneski Museum of Natural History on campus dating back to the 1920s excavation of the skeleton by Amherst professor Frederic Brewster Loomis.[98]

Athletics

[edit]
See also: Amherst Mammoths football
Amherst College "Lord Jeffs" vs Cornell ice hockey game on Beebe Lake, Ithaca (January 14, 1922)

Amherst participates in the NCAA's Division III, the Eastern College Athletic Conference, and the New England Small College Athletic Conference, which includes Bates, Bowdoin, Colby, Connecticut College, Hamilton, Middlebury, Trinity, Tufts, Wesleyan, and Williams College.[99] Amherst is also one of the "Little Three", along with Williams and Wesleyan. A Little Three champion is informally recognized by most teams based on the head-to-head records of the three schools, but three-way competitions are held in some of the sports.

Amherst claims its athletics program as the oldest in the nation,[100] pointing to its compulsory physical fitness regimen put in place in 1860 (the mandate that all students participate in sports or pursue physical education has been discontinued).[101] Amherst and Williams played the first college baseball game July 2, 1859.[102]

Amherst's growing athletics program has been the subject of controversy in recent years[when?] due to dramatic contrasts between the racial and socioeconomic makeup of its student athletes and the rest of its student body, the clustering of athletes in particular academic departments, and a perceived "divide" on campus between varsity athletes and other students. Athletic skill plays a factor in the admissions decisions of between 28% and 35% of each incoming class.[103]

Amherst fields several club athletic teams, including ultimate, soccer, crew, rugby union, water polo, equestrian, mountain biking, fencing, sailing and skiing. Intramural sports include soccer, tennis, golf, basketball, volleyball and softball.

The sport of Ultimate was started and named at Amherst College in the mid-1960s by Jared Kass.[104][105]

Varsity sports

[edit]
Men's sports Women's sports
Baseball Basketball
Basketball Cross Country
Cross Country Field Hockey
Football Golf
Golf Ice Hockey
Ice Hockey Lacrosse
Lacrosse Soccer
Soccer Softball
Squash Squash
Swimming & Diving Swimming & Diving
Tennis Tennis
Track & Field Track & Field
Volleyball
† – Track and field includes both indoor and outdoor

Alumni

[edit]
Main article: List of Amherst College people

Although a relatively small college, Amherst has many accomplished alumni, including Nobel, Crafoord Prize and Lasker Award laureates, MacArthur Fellowship and Pulitzer Prize winners, National Medal of Science and National Book Award recipients, and Academy, Tony, Grammy and Emmy Award winners; a U.S. President, the current Sovereign Prince of Monaco, two Prime Ministers and one Foreign Minister of Greece, a President of Kenya, a President of El Salvador, a Chief Justice of the United States, three Speakers of the U.S. House of Representatives, a U.S. Poet Laureate, the legal architect of Brown v. Board of Education[106] and the inventor of the blood bank; leaders in science, religion, politics, the Peace Corps, medicine, law, education, communications, and business; and acclaimed actors, architects, artists, astronauts, engineers, human rights activists, inventors, musicians, philanthropists, and writers.

Among its alumni, faculty and affiliates are six Nobel Prize laureates[107][108] and twenty Rhodes Scholars.[109] President Calvin Coolidge, Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone, and other notable writers, academics, politicians, entertainers, businesspeople, and activists have been graduates as well.

There are approximately 23,000 living alumni, of whom about 45% make a gift to Amherst each year—one of the highest alumni participation rates of any college in the country.[110][111]

Notable Amherst College alumni include:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Terras Irradient". Amherst College. Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  2. ^ As of June 30, 2023. <cite web |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/42103542/202401369349308800/full |title=Amherst College Form 990 FY2023 |date=June 30, 2023 |publisher=Amherst College Trustees |access-date=November 18, 2024 |format=PDF |url-status=live
  3. ^ "Common Data Set 2021" (PDF). Amherst College. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  4. ^ "Common Data Set 2021" (PDF). Amherst College. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  5. ^ "Colors | Visual Identity Toolkit". Amherst College. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
  6. ^ "Amherst". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2014.
  7. ^ "Oldest Colleges in Massachusetts". College Prowler. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
  8. ^ "Amherst's History | Timeline". Amherst College. Archived from the original on September 6, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
  9. ^ a b "Common Data Set 2021" (PDF). Amherst College. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  10. ^ a b "Areas of Study". Amherst College. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  11. ^ History of Amherst College during its first half century 1821–1871 Archived January 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Archive.org. Retrieved on August 2, 2013.
  12. ^ George Adams (1853). "Education in Massachusetts: Incorporated Academies". Massachusetts Register. Boston: Printed by Damrell and Moore. Archived from the original on December 22, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  13. ^ Lombardo, Daniel (1997). Images of America: Amherst and Hadley, Massachusetts. Arcadia. ISBN 0-7524-0483-0.
  14. ^ a b c "A History of Amherst College (1894) – Chapter 1". Amherst College. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  15. ^ a b c "History of Amherst". Amherst College. Archived from the original on February 13, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  16. ^ Griffin, Dustin. "The Theft of the Williams Library". Special Collections - Williams College. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
  17. ^ a b c Claude Moore Fuess. Amherst: Story of a New England College.
  18. ^ Stanley King (1951) [1952]. "The Consecrated Eminence": The Story of the Campus and Buildings of Amherst College. Amherst, Mass.: Amherst College. OCLC 2747723.
  19. ^ "Annual Fund Update" (PDF). Amherst College. May 29, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 13, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  20. ^ "Coeducation: 25 years | Exhibitions and Blog | Amherst College". www.amherst.edu. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  21. ^ Coeducation: 25 years | Amherst College Archived November 6, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Amherst.edu. Retrieved on April 12, 2014.
  22. ^ a b c "An Amherst Timeline". Amherst College. Archived from the original on August 13, 2015. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
  23. ^ "Amherst College". ROARMAP: Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies. UK: University of Southampton. December 15, 2014. Archived from the original on July 10, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  24. ^ a b "Amherst College to End Legacy Preference and Expand Financial Aid Investment to $71 Million". Amherst. October 2021. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  25. ^ Martin, Carolyn (October 20, 2021). "Statement to the Community About Financial Aid, Legacy Announcement". Amherst. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  26. ^ "Michael A. Elliott '92, Professor of English and Dean of The College of Arts and Sciences at Emory University, is Named 20th President of Amherst College | Press Releases | Amherst College". www.amherst.edu. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
  27. ^ "2023-2024 National Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 18, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  28. ^ "2024 Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings". Washington Monthly. August 25, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  29. ^ "America's Top Colleges 2024". Forbes. September 6, 2024. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  30. ^ "2025 Best Colleges in the U.S." The Wall Street Journal/College Pulse. September 4, 2024. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
  31. ^ "Methodology: Ranking Category Definitions". Usnews.com. Archived from the original on August 11, 2010. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  32. ^ "National Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on July 30, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  33. ^ "Best U.S. Colleges 2024 - WSJ / College Pulse Rankings". WSJ. Archived from the original on September 14, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  34. ^ "Best liberal arts colleges in the United States 2022". The Wall Street Journal. September 21, 2021. Archived from the original on July 29, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022..
  35. ^ "Forbes America's Top Colleges List 2023". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 28, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  36. ^ "America's Top Colleges". Forbes. September 8, 2021. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  37. ^ "Best Values in Private Colleges". Kiplinger's Personal Finance. December 2015. Archived from the original on May 18, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
  38. ^ "2021 Liberal Arts Colleges Ranking". Washington Monthly. Archived from the original on June 23, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  39. ^ "Common Data Set 2022". Amherst College. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
  40. ^ "Common Data Set 2017". Amherst College. Archived from the original on September 26, 2023. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
  41. ^ "National Liberal Arts College Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
  42. ^ "More Selective Institution – Amherst College". Archived from the original on September 13, 2018. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
  43. ^ Zhang, Jingwen. "Class of 2021 Arrives for Orientation Week". The Amherst Student. Archived from the original on September 27, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
  44. ^ "Tuition, Fees & Other Costs | Amherst College". www.amherst.edu. Archived from the original on July 6, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  45. ^ "Financial Aid & Costs: Can I Afford Amherst". Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  46. ^ "Common Data Set 2021 – Financial Aid" (PDF). Amherst College. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  47. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions | First-Year & Transfer Students | Amherst College". Amherst College. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  48. ^ Leonhardt, David (May 24, 2011). "Top Colleges, Largely for the Elite". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 27, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2011. The result of these changes is that Amherst has a much higher share of low-income students than almost any other elite college.
  49. ^ "Amherst College to Extend Need-Blind Admission Policy to International Students". Amherst College. April 9, 2008. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  50. ^ a b "Majors". Amherst College. Archived from the original on October 18, 2007. Retrieved August 14, 2007.
  51. ^ "Amherst College Guide for Premedical Students". Amherst.edu. Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  52. ^ "Charles Drew Health Professions Society". Amherst.edu. February 3, 2007. Archived from the original on March 9, 2012. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  53. ^ Massachusetts Institutions – NECHE, New England Commission of Higher Education, archived from the original on October 9, 2021, retrieved May 26, 2021
  54. ^ "Class of 2023 Secondary School Report | Reports to Secondary Schools | Amherst College". Amherst College. Archived from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  55. ^ "American Studies: History of the Department". Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
  56. ^ "The Neuroscience Program". Archived from the original on November 17, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
  57. ^ "Asian Languages & Civilizations". Amherst College. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  58. ^ "Amherst College". National Center for Education Statistics. U.S. Dept of Education. Archived from the original on January 24, 2023. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  59. ^ "The Amherst College Library". Amherst College. Archived from the original on February 13, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  60. ^ a b c d "Fast Facts & FAQs | The Amherst Story | Amherst College". Amherst College. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  61. ^ "College Plans to Revitalize Teaching with Mellon Grant | The Amherst Student". amherststudent.amherst.edu. Archived from the original on February 9, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  62. ^ "WORLD | Hadley Arkes: The right stuff | Marvin Olasky | April 18, 2015". WORLD. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  63. ^ a b Petition to the Amherst College board of trustees | Amherst Against Homophobia Archived November 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Terrasirradient.org (October 18, 2013). Retrieved on 2014-04-12.
  64. ^ The Supreme Court Hears the Cases on Marriage Archived November 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Thecatholicthing.org (March 26, 2013). Retrieved on 2014-04-12.
  65. ^ "Arkes | The Amherst Muck-Rake". amherstmuckrake.com. Archived from the original on October 25, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  66. ^ President's Reflections | Amherst College Archived November 6, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Amherst.edu. Retrieved on April 12, 2014.
  67. ^ "Libraries". Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  68. ^ "Five College Dance Department". Five College Consortium. Archived from the original on January 25, 2013. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  69. ^ "The Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory". Archived from the original on June 17, 2006. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  70. ^ "Five College Coastal & Marine Sciences Program". Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  71. ^ "Housing & Dining | Student Life | Amherst College". Archived from the original on June 3, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  72. ^ a b "It is Easy Being Green". Amherst College. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  73. ^ Aisch, Gregor; Buchanan, Larry; Cox, Amanda; Quealy, Kevin (January 18, 2017). "Economic diversity and student outcomes at Amherst". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
  74. ^ "Fast Facts". The Amherst Student. Archived from the original on October 13, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
  75. ^ "Clubs". Amherst College. Archived from the original on February 13, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  76. ^ "Campus Revolutionary". Business Week. Archived from the original on July 4, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
  77. ^ "On the Question of Sabrina | The Amherst Student". Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  78. ^ Baker, Katie J. M. (October 18, 2012). "Amherst Sweeps Sexual Assault Allegations Under the Rug". Jezebel. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  79. ^ Martin, Biddy (October 18, 2012). "President Martin's Statement on Sexual Assault". Archived from the original on July 27, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  80. ^ Lee, Jisoo (October 17, 2012). "Students Voice Concerns About Sexual Misconduct Policy". The Amherst Student. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  81. ^ Epifano, Angie (October 17, 2012). "An Account of Sexual Assault at Amherst College". The Amherst Student. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  82. ^ Corey, Ethan (February 5, 2013). "Oversight Committee Releases Report on Sexual Misconduct". The Amherst Student. Archived from the original on May 31, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  83. ^ Muguia, Sophie (May 7, 2014). "Board Bans Off-Campus Fraternities". The Amherst Student.
  84. ^ Mishkin, Shaina and Daniel Rodriguez (November 16, 2013). "Amherst College facing 2 sexual assault complaints". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 5, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
  85. ^ Anderson, Nick (May 1, 2014). "55 colleges under Title IX probe for handling of sexual violence and harassment claims". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
  86. ^ "Amherst College Police: Annual Report, Calendar Year 2011" Archived April 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
  87. ^ Corey, Ethan (April 3, 2013). "College Weighs Tradition and Inclusivity in Mascot Debate". The Amherst Student. Archived from the original on April 20, 2013. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  88. ^ a b Bidgood, Jess (January 26, 2016). "Amherst College Drops 'Lord Jeff' as Mascot". New York Times. Archived from the original on October 26, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2023.
  89. ^ d'Errico, Peter. "Jeffrey Amherst and Smallpox Blankets". Archived from the original on February 4, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  90. ^ Merzbach, Scott (May 15, 2014). "Wandering Moose Creates a Stir in Amherst, prompts tweet from Amherst College President Biddy Martin". Daily Hampshire Gazette. Northampton, Mass. Archived from the original on September 10, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  91. ^ a b c "Moose-scot: A Call to Arms". Amherst Student. February 4, 2015. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  92. ^ Photo of ice sculpture of moose.
  93. ^ a b Glaun, Dan (January 26, 2016). "Amherst College trustees vote to drop controversial Lord Jeff mascot". Springfield (Mass.) Republican. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
  94. ^ Glaun, Dan (November 14, 2015). "Amherst College President Biddy Martin addresses student protesters during library sit-in". Springfield (Mass.) Republican. Archived from the original on January 7, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
  95. ^ Rosen, Andy (April 3, 2017). "After sending Lord Jeff packing, Amherst College picks mammoth as mascot". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  96. ^ Boswell, Thomas. Changing a nickname seems like a seismic shift, but it's rarely a Mammoth deal Archived December 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Washington Post. December 14, 2017.
  97. ^ "The Amherst Story – Amherst College Mascot – Amherst College". www.amherst.edu. Archived from the original on April 4, 2017. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
  98. ^ "Frederic Brewster Loomis (AC 1896) Papers". Amherst College Archives and Special Collections. Archived from the original on February 12, 2022. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  99. ^ "NESCAC". www.nescac.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  100. ^ "Amherst College and Amherst Athletics Quickfacts[permanent dead link‍]", amherst.edu . Retrieved October 31, 2007.
  101. ^ "[1] Archived March 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine", A History of Amherst College During the Administrations of its First Five Presidents.
  102. ^ Edes, Gordon (May 4, 2009). "Amherst and Williams re-enact first college game". Yahoo! Sports. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2009.
  103. ^ Isabel Tessier (February 8, 2017). "College Releases Report on State of Athletics Program". The Amherst Student. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  104. ^ Herndon, Willie (August 30, 2003) [Winter 2003]. "This is How it All Began: An Interview with Jared Kass". ultimatehalloffame.org. Originally published in the Ultimate Players Association newsletter. Archived from the original (reprinted with permission) on January 7, 2007.
  105. ^ Gerald Griggs (2009). "The Origins and Development of Ultimate Frisbee". Archived from the original on December 29, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  106. ^ "NAACP History: Charles Hamilton Houston". National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  107. ^ Clynes, Tom (October 13, 2016). "Where Nobel winners get their start". Nature News. 538 (7624): 152. Bibcode:2016Natur.538..152C. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.20757. PMID 27734890. S2CID 4466329.
  108. ^ "When 0.00019 is a Very High Number | College Row | Amherst College".
  109. ^ "Winning Institutions Search | The Rhodes Scholarships". www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on September 16, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  110. ^ "Profile of Amherst | Fast Facts & FAQs | Amherst College". Amherst College. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  111. ^ Moody, Josh (December 8, 2020). "10 Colleges Where the Most Alumni Donate". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Opal, J. M. "The Making of the Victorian Campus: Teacher and Student at Amherst College, 1850-1880." History of Education Quarterly 42.3 (2002): 342-367.
  • Pick, Nancy, and Frank Ward, Curious Footprints: Professor Hitchcock's Dinosaur Tracks & Other Natural History Treasures at Amherst College (Amherst College Press, 2006).
  • W. S. Tyler, History of Amherst College during its first half century, 1821–1871 (C. W. Bryan, 1873).
  • Exercises at the Semi-Centennial of Amherst College (1871).
  • William S. Tyler, A History of Amherst College (1894).
  • Passages of Time, Narratives in the History of Amherst College, edited and with several selections by Douglas C. Wilson, son of William E. Wilson (Amherst College Press, 2007).
  • Pick, Nancy, Eye Mind Heart: A View of Amherst College at 200 [2] (Amherst College, 2020).
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amherst College.

42°22′15″N 72°31′01″W / 42.37083°N 72.51694°W / 42.37083; -72.51694

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amherst_College&oldid=1258255742"